opinion of justice manson essays

assessment of equity manson papers Individual Justices, a case has become obvious that brings up many intriguing issues to the adequacy of our lawful framework. A couple of months back five pilgrims got caught in a cavern when it collapsed. At the point when they developed a month later with the assistance of salvage groups, just four despite everything lived. The four had executed their fifth partner and ate him to endure. This would be an obvious instance of manslaughter if the five men had not consented to haphazardly execute one of their own with the goal that the others could live. Our kindred Justice accountable for the case condemned the four to death, similar to our law for murder. In any case, after the jury made an intrigue the sentence was diminished to a six-month detainment. As I would see it any discipline is pointless for this situation. The five respondents were caught miles from progress and miles from the existence where our forerunners wrote our laws. The main laws that applied to the five pioneers are those of their environmental factors. The main laws that were pertinent to the caught travelers were the laws of nature. The pioneers overstepped no law of nature, they essentially did what each animal is destined to do, and they made due at any expense. They realized that they couldn't make due with out the penance of one of their own and they ended his life so they could live. It is on a very basic level wrong to be aggrieved for guaranteeing that your life proceeds. These men executed just self-protection. The five pioneers concurred that the casualty ought to be picked indiscriminately with the goal that the weight of picking who might kick the bucket would not fall on anybody. Every one of the five pilgrims concurred that the one picked indiscriminately would be executed with the goal that the others could live. Under desperate conditions the five men made a critical settlement to guarantee their endurance. We reserve no option to pass judgment on a choice made under conditions we would never comprehend. The men what was directly at that point and that is all that is required for a full vindication. ... <!

Computers and computer networks The WritePass Journal

PCs and PC systems PCs and PC systems Regenerative repeaterBridgeHubRouterCharlie and LolaREFERENCESRelated Presentation OSI layers 1. Physical †Data unit: bit The Physical Layer characterizes electrical and physical particulars for gadgets. It characterizes the connection between a gadget and net, model link (copper or optical ), pins, centers, repeaters, organize connectors and that's just the beginning. 2. Information Link †Data unit: outline The Data Link Layer gives the way to move information between arrange gadget and to recognize and potentially right mistakes that may happen in the Physical Layer. 3. System †Data unit: parcel The Network Layer gives the methods for moving information arrangements from a host on one system to a goal on an alternate system, while keeping up the nature of administration. 4. Transport †Data unit: portions The Transport Layer gives move of information between end clients, giving dependable information move administrations to the upper layers. 5. Meeting †Data unit: information The Session Layer controls the associations between PCs. It accommodates full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex activity. 6. Introduction †Data unit: information The Presentation Layer builds up setting between Application Layer substances, in which the higher-layer elements may utilize distinctive language structure and semantics if the introduction administration gives a mapping between them. 7. Application †Data unit: information System procedure to application The Application Layer is the OSI layer nearest to the end client, which implies that both the OSI application layer and the client interface legitimately with the product application. Regenerative repeater Regenerative repeater is a gadget which recovers approaching advanced signals and afterward retransmits these signs on an active circuit. This gadget is helpful in light of the fact that signals in bent pair link is debasing at that point moving significant distances. On the off chance that I am right than after 100 meters signal is corrupted destroyed, so it is important to put switch, switch or recovering repeater. Switches and switches are a higher priority than to give a lift to the sign. Their additionally are progressively costly. Repeater utilizes transport layer. It is not quite the same as different segments since it isn't doing anything troublesome. It gets signal, support it and send it forward. It is utilized then there is long link and sign can truly debase. Scaffold PC has two distinctive memory types, slow and quick. Quick is overseen in upper piece of motherboard, and more slow †lower part. Both memory supervisors have uncommon chip where their memory is arranged/utilized appropriately. Between them is connect. It is significant part which is to guarantee PCs work. Extension interfaces handling memory with capacity memory what PC procedures should be possible. It utilizes physical layer. It varies from different parts since it is only association between two memory „managersâ€Å". Circumstance with this segment is outlandish. It is important to PC work. Center point Center point is a gadget for interfacing different gadgets together and making them go about as a LAN. It is much the same as system switch, however this is the more established form. The gadget is a type of multiport repeater. Centers was before the switches and there are bad enough any longer. At that point center point gets an information bundle it isn’t send to PC for witch it has a place, yet it is send to all PCs, whose are associated with PC. The correct one takes it, the others overlooks it. In the event that two PCs send information simultaneously, at that point crash happen. At the end of the day better use switches, center points are old and not dependable. It is utilizing physical layer. It unique in relation to different parts since it is utilized to interface PCs and different gadgets together into organize. The accessibility of low-evaluated organize switches has to a great extent rendered center points old however they are still observed in more seasoned establ ishments and progressively specific applications. To go information through the repeater in a usable style starting with one section then onto the next, the bundles and the Logical Link Control (LLC) conventions must be the equivalent on the each portion. Switch A switch is a gadget that picks way for information parcels across PC systems. System between end-clients is a monster net, where every single joint spot are switches. ISP switches normally trade steering data utilizing the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Likewise called a Provider Edge switch, is put at the edge of an ISP organize. The switch utilizes External BGP to EBGP convention switches in different ISPs. This gadget is not quite the same as other on the grounds that it is made to guarantee information parcel traverse organize. It is viewed as a system layer gadget. Charlie and Lola a) Records must be maintained in control consistently. Keeping them spread isn't smart thought since then required, they can be elusive around different records there. What's more, work area isn't a spot for â€Å"secret† documents. C:/Documents and Settings/Charlie/MySecretFiles/TopSecret.odt At the point when he press â€Å"Save As†, it depends where was his last spare. At the point when he needs to explore to his â€Å"special† record he have a few choices. There assume to be fast fastens which will move straightforwardly to My Documents or My Computer. On the off chance that My Documents is utilized, at that point you have to open MySecretFiles organizer and than spare your record. On the off chance that My Computer utilized, at that point you have to open Local Disk (C:), at that point Documents and Settings, after that organizer Charlie, after that My Documents lastly MySecretFiles. At that point you can spare your document. I don’t fink what envelope MySecretFiles and document TopSecret.odt is so mystery all things considered. At the point when you have something mystery don’t call it mystery. b) This inquiry is precarious one. It depends where is Mary. Provided that he would be on a similar LAN than Mary can make his printer available through LAN and Charlie would have the option to print his record from his home. Just he have to arrange printing through Mary’s printer. Be that as it may, at that point anybody could print through that printer. Well Charlie’s stuck between a rock and a hard place. Mary’s is on other LAN, yet that isn't an issue. To send document to another person isn't exceptionally hard. There is a few different ways to do it: Skype. This program can be utilized to converse with somebody, to compose messages and to send documents. Email. Utilizing your mail to make new message, you can connect a document and send it with a message. It is secure in light of the fact that email locales like Yahoo utilizes secure association. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a blend of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol with the SSL/TLS convention to give scrambled correspondence and secure distinguishing proof of a system web server. c) Well the message start from Charlie’s PC to his remote gadget, which advances it to switch. At that point it will move across system to Mary’s PC. It will utilize bunches of various system conventions: ARP †Address Resolution Protocol RARP †Reverse Address Resolution Protocol L2F †Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol L2TP †Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol LLDP †Link Layer Discovery Protocol MTP †Message Transfer Part IPv6 †Internet Protocol rendition 6 Tear †Routing Information Protocol NFS †Network File System DNS †Domain Name System FTP †File Transfer Protocol HTTP †Hypertext Transfer Protocol There is much more conventions which will be utilized at certain occasions yet it is extremely unlikely to name them all. Presently I clarify the fundamental of these. Web Protocol adaptation 6 (IPv6) is a rendition of the Internet Protocol (IP) which was intended to succeed his antecedent Internet Protocol variant 4 (IPv4). The Internet works by moving information parcels that are guided across systems as determined by the Internet Protocol. The Domain Name System (DNS) is a naming framework based on a database, or any asset associated with the Internet or a private system. In particular, it makes an interpretation of space names known to clients into the IP addresses to find and tending to these gadgets around the world. Document Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard system convention used to duplicate a record starting with one host then onto the next over a Transmission Control Protocol based system, for example, the Internet. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a systems administration convention for utilizing data frameworks. HTTP is the establishment of information correspondence for the World Wide Web. These four conventions is the principle ones to let Charlie’s message to arrive at Mary. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol will empower Charlie to utilize web. Area Name System convention will discovered email site Charlie’s utilizing. Document Transfer Protocol will guarantee records development from host to have. That can be Charlie to Mary, or Charlie to email site and email site to Mary. Web Protocol rendition 6 aides information parcels across organize. Charlie’s document will more current be send as is it. It will be divine in a few (or thousands) information parcels and send to goal. d) Lora and Lotta are not programmers. At that point it comes to capture information move there three degrees of security. Most significant level is fiber wire. Light comes through it so to hack it you need to cut it and it will be distinguished. The center degree of security is turned pair link. The little gadget can be appended to link and it will peruse all information coming through. The most minimal security is remote LAN or WLAN, or remote neighborhood. At the point when transmission is send through air anybody can get to it (with high hacking abilities and amazingly costly gear). Lotta is awesome with PCs, shouldn't something be said about hacking and system. Neither of young ladies don’t have abilities. What's more, regularly messages are scrambled because of utilization of HTTPS. He can likewise put a secret key on a record (if conceivable). Or on the other hand he can pack document to chronicle with secret phrase (rar, zip, 7z). e) Well above all else Soren Lorensen is IMAGINARY. He can’t do anything. He recognizes what Lora knows. On the off chance that he will attempt to help Lora simply continue squeezing arbitrary catches he shows and she unquestionably end up

Time Zones Cheat Sheet For Writers - The Writers For Hire

TIME ZONES CHEAT SHEET FOR WRITERS As an essayist who works remotely, and every so often goes for distinctive parentage and family ancestry ventures, computing time zones is continuously an issue for me. I live in the Mountain time zone, yet most of the journalists I work with are in Central time. What's more, with customers everywhere throughout the world, planning phone calls can turn out to be very testing. On account of one of my kindred authors, however, I presently have a instrument that can lighten a portion of the disarray. This wonderful time convertor from worldtimebuddy.com permits you to enter places or time zones far and wide, and it will consequently let you know what time and date it is in that particular spot. The free record will permit you to signify four unique areas around the world. Be that as it may, if your requirements grow past only four areas or time zones, world time pal offers a paid help for the same number of areas as you need. What's more, there are even alternatives for multi-client memberships. This extraordinary site doesn't just ascertain time zones for you. It’s sweeping highlights likewise incorporate the capacity to overlay google schedules, so as to discover open availabilities for booking phone calls. Furthermore, once those open schedule vacancies are discovered, you can even make an occasion page directly on the site, to share openly with others.

The Islamic Marriage In Perspective - Free Essay Example

1.0 Introduction. The Muslims do not see the house as a static entity. As the environment for the generation of life, it is itself a living and dynamic entity. Hence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“waalaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? talk of the need to continually build up the house. This task needs a man and woman in order to be accomplished. As a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Waalaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? saying goes, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it needs a man and a woman to build a houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, For whilst the man digs the soil the woman provides the water without which he cannot make the motar for the buildingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Here again, we see how, in a nuanced way, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“waalaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? refer both to the sexual division of labor in the putting up of a physical house and the cooperation of the sexes in the generation of children within the social house. In this way, I have the double reference to the house as a physical and social entity. Through these statements, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Waalaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? acknowledge the importance of marriage. However they do not see marriage as establishing a household. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Waalaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? believe that the House has already been setup by the forebears. It is a task of the descendants to keep the house in existence. Marriage is thus a necessary means of keeping the house a lived through history. Hence a young man is said to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“take a wifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (depogaa) into his house whilst a young girl à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“homes a housebandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (kulisira). Girls are destined to marry outside their own patriling into another personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and thus educated to help à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“buildà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? their husbandsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ houses even if they are never considered full members in it. Infact, the remaining members of their own patriclan are expected to be responsible and respectable ambassadors of their own families within their husband sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ own. Throughout the world and through out history there have been, and still are, a variety of matrimonial systems each of which is the fruit of inventiveness and adaptation to local circumstances. The Islamic marriage system is one of them, it has its peculiarities and specific characteristics, carved out by tradition. For the Muslims, marriage is the union of a man and a woman, having in mind the reciprocal services of domestic life and the procreation of children, this union is made possible through the mutual agreement between the kinship group of the man and the woman. Therefore, marriage is not just the affairs of the man and the woman, for the bond that unites them as husband and wife unites at the same time their two lineage groups. Man alone is incomplete and more so the woman, they are like two halves of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Calabashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which have to be reunited to have a whole à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Calabashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The complete human being is the couple (man and woman) and it has been like that since the beginning. For the two, it is the accession to their true maturity especially if their union results in an offspring; Marriage is the fine threshold to cross on earth in the growth through childhood. Celibacy always conserves something if childish immaturity in the eyes of the society. The relation husband-wife is therefore constitutive of the human being and marriage which creates this relation is thus greatly varied. 1.2 Backgrounds to the study Islam recognizes values of sex and advocates marriage. Islam does not believe in celibacy. The prophet of Islam has said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“marriage is my sunnah (that is recommended action of the prophet) and whoever does not follow my sunnah is not true follower à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(Ibn Haiah Basum Nilah) All has commanded the Muslims to marry.(Quran 24:33)in Islam, marriage is considered as one of the essential element of adulthood in Islamic context. And marriage is also considered as an essentially a contract. In Islam, both Muslim men and women must satisfy certain conditions before one can go into marriage. The conditions include: There must be a clear proposal There must be a clear acceptance There must be at least the competent. After satisfying the about conditions, the marriage must be witness by the competent persons from both the manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family and the womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family. Respectively. It is necessary to exclude illicit sex and to safeguard legitimacy of progeny. It is recommended that marriage should be widely publicized. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“heartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of marriage is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“marriage giftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, little or more, by the bridegroom to the bride. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dowry or marriage gift by bridegroom to the bribe is a symbolic expression of the groomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cognizance of the economic responsibilities of marriage and of his readiness to assume all responsibilities subsequent to marriageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Dowry is not any price paid either to wife or family of the wife. Dowry should be estimated according to the circumstances with emphasis on moderation. The prophet (S. A. W.) is reported to have said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the most blessed marriageà ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬? is that which is least costly and most easyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Marriage is usually a group affair and the ceremony involves, besides the couple and their immediate relations distant kinsfolk, neighbors and friends. Nor is their involvement limited to the ceremony. It is necessary during the preliminary negotiations which culminate in the ceremony. That is why it is said that Ghanaian marriage is between families and not individuals. This view has added significance because in our extended system, the interest of the relatives in the marriage means that the two families have become affirnal real kin of the two sides. Nukunya (2003). According to G. E. kpiebaya à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Bride priceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? instead of the usual word dowry for a reason. The word dowry is often used to refer to the practice among many Africans peoples of giving some goods in exchange for a wife, but strictly speaking, dowry is the money, or the property a woman brings to her husband at marriage. In Africa, in general, it is the boy, not the girl who brings money, property and services to the girlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? In my candle opinion, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Bride price or Bride health is the consideration (thus the benefit to the bridegroom. The consideration paid by the bride should be within the limit of the bride and should be recommended by Islam advocates and confined within the teachings of Islam. The importance of the dowry (bride price, bride health) can not be overemphaised. The bride price is never seen traditionally as payment for the girl, but as an indemnity to the family (kpiebaya) , payment of the dowry (bride price, bride health) is a symbolic of the marriage procedure and finally legalize the marriage contract. Once the bride price has been paid by the bride, it confers sexual rights on both parties. Since lslam discourage celibacy. Payments of the dowry also legitimize the unborn children and also the dowry serves as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“stabiserà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to the marriage for once the girlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s people have receiued it they are not readily prepared to retune it should a breakdown occur. It is therefore in their interest to maintain the marriageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (G. E. kpiebaaya). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Walimahà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is a food reception which follows the consummation of the marriage, to make it public. It is offered by the parents of the married couple, by their friends, or by the newly married couple themselves. Friends, relatives, and neighbors are usually invited. This food reception should be within the means of the couple and recommended by lslam. The companion Anas reported that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the prophet (S. A. W. ) Saw a trace of yellow on Abd Ar à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Bahaman /bn à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Awf, and asked: what is this? He answered: l got married. The prophet (S.A.W.) said: may Allah make it a blessing for you. Make a Walimah, even with only sheep.(Al-Bukhari,Muslim,Al-Tirmizi,Abu Dawood and Malik) . In human life, every human being good through three (3) importance stages in life and each of these stages is marked with celebration and other financial commitment. The stages include: Out- adoring ceremony. Adulthood and marriage ceremony. Death and funeral ceremony. The celebration of these activities should not bring any hardship to those performing them. Recently, the Islamic marriage institution has turn in to a financial institution where Muslims barrow with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢collateral securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and save with a very hard à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sting conditions.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Those Muslims who has not gotten the said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢collateral security à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ cannot borrow from the Islamic marriage institution. In conclusion marriage is a religious right for Muslim brothers and sisters and this has been recommended by the messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) and His Companions. Emphasis is placed on the affordability of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dowryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Bride pride). 1.3 Statement of the problem Allah created men and women so that they can provide company to one another, have one another, procreate children and live in peace and tranquility to the commandments of Allah and the directions of His messenger. Nature has so arranged that man and woman are attracted toward each other. This natural attraction binds them together and leads them to live a common life and form a family. This natural tendency or the instinct of sex, like any other instinct, should be guided to the right direction so that it may be utilized in the service of humanity. In the wake of keen desire to established conjugal relations between them selves, man and woman enter into a contract known as marriage or matrimonial contract. This contract has great importance in human life, for it unites the existence of two persons in many ways. It lays the foundation of the life of a human infant and deeply influences his body, life, thought and future actions. That is why a marriage contract is regarded a sacred by various nations and enough attention has been paid in different legal systems to the question connected with it. Islam has also attached great importance to the question of marriage in its social system. In the holy Quran and the sayings of the holy prophet and the imams we find that marriage has been greatly encouraged. The holy prophet has been reported to have said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“No institution of island is liked by Allah more than that of marriageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Despite the numerous importance marriage in Islamic context. Individual Muslims have tend it into money ventures making it very difficult for afford this huge sum of money to go into marriage. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The introduction of new concepts into the Islamic marriage has created difficulties for those who can afford and stand the test of time. The concept include:, showing of identical clothes, hiring of canopies, expensive dowry, hiring of record dance (stero) and among others is an indication that new concepts have been added to the in stilton of marriage besides its traditional concepts due to individual perusal interest. This practices and concepts currently introduced into the Islamic marriage have undermined the integrity of Islam as a religion. I there for urged every meaning, concerned and patriotic Muslim to stand elementally against these practicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Mr. Daud Baaba à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Adidas delivered a paper on Islamic marriage, radio progress current affairs. 1.4 Research question (s) Main research question What are the impacts of the commercialization of marriage on Islamic marriage? Sub-question: How is Islamic marriage contracted? What are the essential requirements of Islamic marriage? Are there changes to the essential requirements of Islamic marriage? What are the impacts of these changes on Islamic marriage? 1.5 Research objective (s) Main research objective To assess the impact of commercialization of marriage on Islamic marriage Sub-objectives To identify the procedure of Islamic marriage To identify the requirements of Islamic marriage To determine the changes in procedure and requirements of Islamic marriage overtime. To assess the impact of these changes and Islamic marriage. 1.6 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH This research is intended to examine the factors or Circumstances that led the commercialization of the Islamic marriage which currently made very difficult for Young Mushin boys and girls to go into marriage as prescribed by the Holy Book (Quran). The findings the research will be made available to the Islamic Communities and other interested bodies and institutions. CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Literature review This chapter will consist of two (2) Termantic areas. Thus theoretical Framework which comprise previous literature undertook by prominent scholars, journals textbooks both published and non-published on: The procedure on Islamic marriage The requirements of Islamic marriage The changes in procedure and requirement of Islamic marriage The impact of the recent changes in procedure and requirement on Islamic marriage. The second phase of this chapter is the conceptual framework of the procedures and requirements of Islamic marriage. Chapter Three Methodology 3.0 Introduction This chapter deals with the description of the study design; study Area, Population sampling method, sampling Size. Data Collection Approach, interview. and questionnaire 3.1 Study design The research design will follow the following pattern, the topic or title, introduction, Background, problem analysis or statement of the problem, the research question, the research objective , Literature Review, Methodology, Findings and discussion of sub-objectives, conclusion, Recommendations and References. Ha win C (1989), Research Design strategies and choices in the design of social research. Pathways Analysis (Dietz) 3.2 Study Area: WA municipality especially WA township where the practice of the commercialization of marriage on the Islamic Institution is the most affected area. Wa Municipal is one of the nine (9) Districts in the Upper West Region. 3.3 Secondary Data The researcher intended to collect data from the following sources; papers delivered by prominent Islamic scholars, Islamic scholars who have researched into Islamic marriage, Articles publications and son on. 3.4 Population The population of the research will be the Muslim community in Wa Township and it environs. 3.5 Sampling Method; Two main sampling method or technique would be adopted thus; stratified random sampling and purposive sampling procedure Stratified random sampling: In stratified sampling, the sampler divides the population into homogeneous unites. That is to say, if the sampler has any reason to believe that the population has many dissimilar elements or individuals, 3.6 Sample Size The sample size is the number of respondents the researcher will be dealing within the population. Two hundred (200) respondents is targeted 3.7 Data Collection Approach; The researcher intended to use one main methods which include; and questionnaire. The research findings will be both qualitative and quantitative 3.8Questionnaires Formal questions will be framed and written down for the respondents to provide the answers. As a method for data collection, questionnaire is and efficient way to collect statistically quantifiable information. The researcher intended to use an open- ended question. Open-ended questions give flexibility in answering questions. Respondents can express themselves as fully as they wish. The researcher intended to administer one hundred and fifty (150) questionnaires. Network Analysis ( Long 1989, Cees Lewis 1990, Villareal 1990) PROPOSED BUDGET Component Quantity Unit price Totals A-4 Sheet Five (5) 45.00 22.50 Type setting and photocopy of questionnaire One hundred and fifty GH ¢7 for type setting (a) 10p per photo copy (a) 100 questionnaires 1050 Field Assistance Four (4) 50.00 200.00 Digital Camera for research purpose One 1 350.00 350.00 Final typesetting of thesis work One 1 200.00 200.00 Photo copy of thesis work Five (5) 20.00 100.00 Type setting of Interviews questions Fifty (50) GH ¢7 for the setting 70 Allowance for secretary One 1 50.00 50.00 Photocopy of interview questions Fifty 70Gp for 50 3.50 Traveling Transport for researcher Five (5) gallons of petrol 5.30 26.50 Miscellaneous 174.00 TOTALS 2,246.50 Note: This Budget is subject to amendment and review depending on the prices of component at the time of the thesis writing PROPOSED TIME AND COMPLETION OF THESIS Activity Time frame Gathering of Data December 2010 January 2010 Analysis of data February March 2010 Write à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" up of final thesis 1stApril 2010 30thApril 2010 Submission of thesis to the faculty 1stMay 2010 31stMay 2010

When Adults Fail, Children Change Essay - 1355 Words

The Bluest Eye is a novel written by Toni Morrison that reveals many lessons and conflicts between young and adult characters of color. The setting takes place during the 1940s in Lorain, Ohio. The dominant speaker of this book is a nine year old girl named Claudia MacTeer who gets to know many of her neighbors. As a result of this, Claudia learns numerous lessons from her experience with the citizens of Lorain. Besides Claudia, The Bluest Eye is also told through many characters for readers to understand the connection between each of the adults and children. Many parents in the novel like Geraldine and Pauline Breedlove clearly show readers how adults change their own children. Furthermore, other adult characters like Cholly Breedlove†¦show more content†¦As he grew older, he learned how to direct his hatred to the cat and spent some happy moments watching it suffer† (86). Junior is affected by the failure of his mother to parent well. Instead she worries about appearance, cleanliness, and her cat which brings separation between her and Junior. Because he is angry and hurt by this, he abuses his mother’s cat who receives all the affection he would like to have from Geraldine. Another example of the failure of adults is seen in Pauline Breedlove. Just as Geraldine focuses more on her desires than her child, so does Pauline in ways that also drift her away from her family. Mrs. Breedlove is a black woman who dreams she can somehow make her family appreciate her but after Pauline figures that she could not, she finds meaning in romantic movies and the Fisher Family - the white family she works for. The narrator tells readers, â€Å"More and more she neglected her house, her children, her man – they were like the afterthoughts one has just before sleep, the early-morning and late-evening edges of her day, the dark edges that made the daily life with the Fishers lighter, more delicate, more lovely. . .Here she found beauty, order, cleanliness, and praise† (127). Pauline Breedlove works for a family that is not her family and because the Fishers give her what she desires, she ends up neglecting her own family. Mrs. Breedlove fails toShow MoreRelat edFailure to Launch652 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion/Prompt: Discuss at least 2 reasons research is suggesting for young adults still living at home. This new phenomenon—young adults still living in their parents home well into their late 20s to early 30s—is proposed to be a result of many different reasons. Spend some time reading what experts suggest about this trend and address at least 2 reasons suggested. Contrary to popular belief â€Å"boomerang kids â€Å"or kids who fail to leave home, as they are called did not start during the â€Å"great recession†Read MoreFavor Of Abolishing Juvenile Court1061 Words   |  5 Pagesclaim that all crimes should be treated the same and children are no exception. They also claim that because a punishment is supposed to fit the crime teenagers who have committed high-level crimes deserve to be tried as adults. Another popular claim is that the adult court system lowers juvenile recidivism. What these individuals fail to see is the psychological trauma that adult courts have on adolescents. Instead of being tried as adults, children should be tried in juvenile because children’s brainsRead MoreMarriage Is Not Only For The Adults Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is when two adults come together in love and have the love link them together as one. It means they live together and share the rest of their lives together after a m arital engagement. Today marriage is not only for the adults, but the young teenagers have taken it up. It could be a drive from young love. It mostly occurs during adolescence when most teenagers start to discover themselves emotionally and sexually. The strength that comes with this young love turns some to believe they canRead MoreComparative Rhetorical Analysis : `` Just Read And Write, But Right And Wrong `` Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Final Essay The debate over rather children should learn values at home or in school is not a complicated one. The process of learning values in school, as oppose to home is referred to as character education. Should we require character education in our school systems? Kathleen Townsend explains in, â€Å"Just Read and Write, but Right and Wrong† and â€Å"Character Education Will Likely Fail† by Thomas J. Lasley, the main attention is directed to teachers and adults who consider values and character educationRead MoreBeing A Great Enforcer Of Behavior1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthey replied: â€Å"to be quiet, don’t fool around and get the work done†. Praise brings about public performance in children. Making things (e.g. going out for dinner if homework gets done) contingent with behavior is wrong. Main Ideas Agreed with/Disagreed with In agreement I agree with the author that praise and rewards has being a great enforcer of behavior in our society and child rearing practices. I particularly like his intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation concerns and the importance of whatRead More How Divorce Effects Kids Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits for couples who have a successful marriage. When a marriage begins to fail it is usually due to a couples inability to communicate, lack of a common goal, or a trust vs. mistrust issue; therefore, more so than not, these types of situations will ultimately result in a divorce. The most frequently asked question over the last two decades has been, â€Å"Does divorce effect children and how so?† Studies have shown that divorce affects children in many ways: affects their self-esteem, feels as thoughtRead MoreYouth Offenders in The United States1089 Words   |  5 PagesYouth offenders in the United States who commit an adult crime should they be tried as an adult or sent off to rehab ? According to (Juvenile Offender) young people today are more malleable and can be easily influenced. It is mainly believed that the criminal actions by young offenders might be influenced by such external forces such as parental neglect, and inappropriate living conditions or with relations within their family. It is important to note that instead of seeing a rehab program as a formRead MoreHow Adulthood Can Be Broken Down Further Into Two Sub Stages1172 Words   |  5 PagesAdulthood can be broken down further into two sub-stages: Early (eighteen to thirty-five), and Middle adulthood (thirty-five to sixty-five). In Early Adulthood, adults are in the â€Å"prime of their lives†, that is, they are in top physical and cognitive health (lime). When a person reaches Middle Adulthood, their cognitive abilities remain stable; and they tend to approach things more practically; the activities and tasks engaged in by midlife are generally not cognitively challenging. Perhaps thisRead MoreAsperger Syndrome : A Neurological Disorder Associated With Autism1341 Words   |  6 Pageseven excluding the target from group activities. 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Through the eyes of

Should Cloning Be Allowed - 1440 Words

Have you ever read a book, seen a movie, or watched a television show where the villain creates a colossal clone army that is unmatched by any other. Though science fiction tends to bend reality to fit a story, human cloning is becoming a feasible practice. Recently there has been a successful cloning of a sheep, so scientists start to speculate the different uses of cloning human embryos. The three forms of cloning that stand out are reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning, and cloning for scientific research. Cloning should be permitted, but only reproductive cloning should be permitted with a limit on the number of babies a person or family can reproduce. The arguments that support cloning depend on the type of cloning being discussed: Reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning are some of the methods of cloning. Reproductive cloning is the cloning of a human embryo and implanting it into a female to have a child. Some supporters of reproductive cloning are couples that are u nable to bear a child or individuals who wish to raise a child by themselves. Another group that seeks reproductive cloning are those who want their child to be born with specific traits with the help of egg donation. On the other hand, therapeutic cloning is the creation of a clone not for the purpose of raising a child, but in order to harvest stem cells from the embryo (Woodward 85, 15, 33, 34). Supporters of this form of cloning believe that stem cells from embryos can be implanted through aShow MoreRelatedShould Cloning Be Allowed?1154 Words   |  5 Pages Should cloning be allowed? By Arichelieu Obei English IV Mr.Wilson Period 4th 3/14/2017 Well to begin with, what is cloning? Is cloning even real? Is it a thing? Do people clone people? Or animal? Is that even possible? Are clones robot or humans? Do they have a heart? Can they think like us normal people? Can they reproduce? And make baby clones? Are they allowed to have the same rights as us? What’s the cost of a clone? Is it expensive? Can IRead MoreShould Cloning Be Allowed?872 Words   |  4 Pages Though many have agreed that cloning should not be further researched there are still those who believe otherwise. Why exactly do people believe that research on human cloning should be allowed? A significant reason is that cloned embryos are believed to be a necessity for research on embryonic stem cells that have proven to have the potential to revolutionize medicine worldwide. â€Å"Scientists believe that cloned embryonic stem cell research will lead to cures for many diseases and will provideRead MoreElderly Drivers833 Words   |  4 Pages2. There has been talk about banning elderly driving off the road in recent years. Some people suggest that the elderly should reapply for driving licenses. Elderly driver usually have loss of hearing, diminished vision, and slower reaction time. 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Cloning humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other is a diminishment of human dignity. Therefore, cloning of humans is immoral. Human cloning is a practice which includes taking an egg from a human female, removing the nucleus, substituting it with the genetic material from the nucleus of another adult cell, and using electric shock or chemical bath to hoax the egg into thinking it has beenRead MoreEssay on Cloning: How Far Should We Go?627 Words   |  3 Pagesmany: should human cloning be a part of our society? Recently the ability to clone a human being has become a very realistic possibility. However, the issue of morality has taken center stage on this topic. A Gallup poll taken in 1997 revealed eighty-eight percent of Americans stated, cloning human beings would be morally wrong (Dudley 10). Some people, such as scientists in this field and certain infertile couples, are arguing against banning cloning. 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Cloning is a very controversial theme now in days that’s everybody should be informed about it. The majority of the people doesn’t know anything about the subject and do not have the knowledge to make an opinion about it. Cloning animals may be very helpful forRead More Human Cloning Should be Condemned Essays594 Words   |  3 Pages Human Cloning Should be Condemned nbsp; On November 25, 2001, the news that a firm called Advanced Cell Technology had created human embryos by cloning added new urgency to Congresss and the nations deliberations on this issue. nbsp; This past summer, by a 265-to-162 margin, the House of Representatives passed a carefully worded ban on human cloning (H.R. 2505) which President Bush has said he will sign into law. The leadership of the Senate nonetheless has refused to take actionRead MoreThe Shortcomings of Cloning1152 Words   |  5 Pages Did you know that every living creature starts as a cell (Barber, 9)? That is where cloning begins as well, with a singular cell, more specifically a DNA cell. A clone is an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another organism (Barber, 6). Francis Crick and James Watson discovered that DNA is made up of two strands, called a double helix (Barber, 9). Maurice Wilkins, James Watson, and Francis Crick won the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize for their DNA work. There are approximately 3 billion DNA base

Is Management an Art or Science Essay Example For Students

Is Management an Art or Science Essay Management is too complex of a concept for one definition to capture accurately. (Hitt et al. , 2012) There exists unanswered difficulties that reflect major hindrances in teaching and learning management. This problem arises mainly due to insufficient agreements about the definition of management. Moreover, agreements about the functions of management such as planning, organizing, and controlling have practically limited universal acceptance. However, staffing and leadership usually ends up being in the list. Recognition of management occurring outside of organization grounds are also minimal. No concrete research is conducted about management outside organizations. There is also still an inability to differentiate between management and leadership. Although the definitions to these words might seem pretty straight-forward; a precise basis for differentiating the two; does not exist. The simple, oxford dictionary definition of management states, ‘Management is defined as the process of dealing with or controlling things or people’. Scholars, however have defined management in their own ways. According to Follett (2005), ‘management is an art of getting things done through people’. Mary Parker clearly describes management as an art. Another definition that inclines towards management being an art is by Harold Koontz. According to Koontz, ‘Management is the art of getting things done through others and with formally organised groups’ History Management in America formally started in the early 1900s amid the Industrial Revolution. In response to the industrial revolution, the management profession had two primary focuses. Firstly, improvement in efficiency was to be made in the industrial settings. Secondly, it was important to create a science for the administration of organizations. All through this period, terms such as administration, management, and organization were used to signify, more or less, the same thing. With the emergence of the second half of the century, the term â€Å"management† was more widely used and accepted as a universal code. The attention then turned to identifying the mechanisms and limitations of this new discipline. During the early years of the Industrial Revolution, ‘personal judgement’; theoretically known as ‘Rule of Thumb’ was used. Yet, while thinking about the semantics and theoretical circumstances in the administration calling today, it isn’t time-consuming to understand that a century after the production of Erederick Taylors Principles of Scientific Management (1911), and half a century after the release of the Management Theory Jungle in 1961 by voyager Harold Koontz, its still a jungle out there! (Dangerfield, 1986). The period ranging from the mid-twenties saw extraordinary expansion in respect to management theories and in the guru-industrial complex. Many writers including Max Weber, Elton Mayo, Chester Barnard, Mary Parker Follett, and Chris Argyris laid forward theories from different fields such as psychology and sociology to be practiced in management. With all of the above said, it still remains a question as to whether management is an art or science. Science Science is defined as the systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation. This proves that science is based on concrete facts and surety. Efficient and effective management would require observation and experimentation and would indulge a new learning curve throughout its life-course. ‘Scientific management means knowing exactly what you want men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and the cheapest way’ (Taylor, 1911: 21) As a matter of fact, Management as a science was firstly characterized by Frederick Taylor (1911). According to Taylor (1911), ‘The best and the only way to maximize efficiency was a method that could only be developed through study and analysis† (p. 21) Taylor was an American mechanical engineer who stepped forward to improve industrial efficiency. In 1911, Taylor published the book, The Principles of Scientific Management, which explained the rules for a effective industrial organization. Taylor believed management to be effective as a science. Under Taylor, the old rule-of-thumb was replaced with scientific management. Work was now divided among managers and workers to embrace specialisation. Workmen were scientifically selected, trained, thought and developed to undertake the work they were best fitted-in. Amazing Grace (1011 words) EssayTherefore science of management need to be utilized and applied according to the given circumstances and situations. Fayol (1916) was not so popular until his book ‘Administration Industrielle et Generale’ was published during 1916. It was later translated to English and published as ‘General and Industrial Management in 1949’. It got widespread publicity and imbedded Fayol as a huge authority on management. According to Henry Fayol (1916), To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control. It is evident from this definition that H. Fayol believed in a systematic process of management. Based largely on experience, the concept of administration was developed by him. Science was used as basis to apply art; gained mainly from experience, to formulate fourteen principles of management. In Fayol’s works, he goes to great detail to explain what each principle means to him. Fayol saw vast difference between technical and administrative abilities. He proposes that engineers use minimal time for subjects like mathematics; instead focus on administration which above all else, was the art of managing human resources. Fayol (1949, : 42) concluded, â€Å"Without principles we are working in the dark and in chaos, without experience and judgment we are still working under great dif? culties, even with the best of principles. Principles of management was looked upon with utmost importance by many scholars. According to Wren (1994), ‘The principle is the lighthouse, which enables us to get our bearings, but it can only help those who know the way into port’ (p. 188). All of the above prove that plain knowledge of science cannot be applied to all situations equally. One needs to modify and use their creativity and knowledge to apply basic scientific knowledge for effective management. Theories that Fayol laid out has been compared with many management authors such as Follett, Taylor, and Porter. Some authors, particularly Mintzberg, negatively critiqued some of Fayol’s theories and principles. Fayol also negatively discussed other author’s theories that contradicted the the statements, theories and principles set by him. According to Lamond (2004), ‘Fayol gave us management as we would like it to be and Mintzberg gave us management as it is’. We see contradictions and clashes among different management authors. Fayol applied principles based largely on experience which is seen to have negative feedback from others. But, this personal application has impacted and continues to have improvements in managerial efficiencies. Therefore, management as an art cannot be ignored as evidence suggests otherwise. Management as we know, has proven to be both a science; as well as an art. It is seen to require experimentation and is proved to be based on facts derived after repeated practice. But, outcomes of these experiments are not capable of being accurately predicted or replicated because management deals with human behaviour and capabilities that tend to be very flexible due emotional and physical differences. The key framework of science has to be applied based on the practice and creativity of individual managers. They have to be modified according to a given situation. Management, as of now has been shaped and moulded since the industrial revolution to form a not-so-perfect but enhanced process. To conclude, one can say that science is a huge step taken to land on a field full of artistic materials.